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American writer, Dave Barry once said, “Cigarette sales would drop to zero overnight if the warning said, cigarettes contain fat.” Although everyone knows that tobacco products in any form, whether smoked or used orally, have multiple negative effects on human health, most of them are ignored.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking and oral tobacco use are the single largest causes of preventable death worldwide. Yet, according to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in India in 2016-17, 28.6 percent of all adults currently consume tobacco in smoked or smokeless form. This includes 42.4 percent of males, 14.2 percent of females above 15 years of age and 7.4 percent of 13-15 year olds. This data tells us that the majority of female smokers today belong to the adolescent group, and that tobacco use is not limited to cigarettes, as the use of hookahs, cigars and e-cigarettes is also widespread.
What are the health concerns for female smokers?
Regardless of a person’s gender, tobacco use can negatively affect their health in many ways, including the lungs, esophagus, heart, kidneys, pancreas, bladder, and any other organs left behind. Dr. in this video. Sonam Tiwari, a consultant in obstetrics and gynecology at Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, discusses the numerous ways in which smoking can affect women’s health. But smoking has a major impact on women’s health, especially when it comes to mood disorders, menstrual abnormalities, pelvic infections, menopause and fertility.
Infertility: Nowadays, women usually wait until their late 30s or early 40s to get pregnant for various personal reasons such as a stable career. Even for non-smokers, the chance of getting pregnant after age thirty naturally declines due to a variety of lifestyle, genetic, and age-related changes. Women who smoke are more likely to experience infertility in the future. Smoking affects the ovarian response, alters the cervical mucus and inhibits the ability of the fallopian tubes to peristalse. These changes can affect pregnancy and implantation rates. Additionally, it affects the DNA of both female eggs and male sperm.
pregnancy: Cigarette smoke contains chemicals that can cross the placenta, seriously endangering the unborn baby. Certain pollutants, including cigarette smoke, can alter the genetic makeup of eggs or sperm, increasing the chance of cancer, birth defects, repeated miscarriages, and other health risks for the unborn child. Smoking in a pregnant woman increases the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, sudden intrauterine death and infant death syndrome. Research indicates that children of smokers are more vulnerable to respiratory illnesses and require more frequent medical visits.
Birth control: Hormonal tablets are known as emergency contraception or the 21-day birth control pill. They have different amounts and types of progesterone and estrogen, which work in different ways to prevent pregnancy. Studies have shown that women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are more likely to have heart attacks, strokes and blood clots. Women who smoke and are over 35 should not use oral contraceptives as the risk increases with age.
Early Menopause: Smoking affects the ovaries, leading to hormonal imbalances in women. The ovaries of smokers mature three to four years earlier than the ovaries of non-smokers. Estrogen deficiency can lead to irregular periods, completely irregular periods, and abnormal bleeding as the ovaries age. According to research, women who smoke are 43 percent more likely to go through menopause before the age of 50 than non-smokers.
Mental Health Risks: According to reports, women who smoke are more likely to develop substance abuse, depression, anxiety, PTSD and suicidal thoughts. Research indicates that women with mental or behavioral health problems make up 40% of the smoking population. Additionally, the hallucinogenic effects of nicotine in cigarettes can obscure symptoms of mental health problems, making diagnosis and treatment more challenging. Furthermore, it has been shown that women who suffer from any type of mental illness or use tobacco have a harder time quitting. Additionally, women are more likely to gain weight when they smoke, especially when they start or stop using tobacco. Smoking-related morbidity and mortality is worsened by obesity, which can have substantial long-term effects.
In conclusion, smoking has serious and complex health effects on women. This calls for comprehensive tobacco control measures, targeted interventions and awareness campaigns for women.
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