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January is National Glaucoma Awareness Month. Experts point out that glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to irreversible vision loss if not detected and treated at an early stage. Dr. Ritika Sachdev, Additional Director, Medical Services and Ophthalmology, Center for Sight Eye Hospital, said, “As an ophthalmologist, it is crucial to shed light on the different types of glaucoma, associated risk factors, common symptoms and available treatment options. . . .”
Different types of glaucoma
Dr. Ritika Sachdev lists the different types of glaucoma:
1. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): This is the most common type, often developing slowly and without noticeable symptoms in later stages.
2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma: It occurs when the extraction angle of the eye narrows, causing a sudden increase in eye pressure. It can manifest with rapid symptoms such as severe eye pain and blurred vision.
3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma: In such cases, optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure. The reasons behind this phenomenon are still being researched.
4. Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by other eye conditions or medical problems such as eye injury, inflammation, or certain medications.
Risk factors for glaucoma
Several factors increase the risk of developing glaucoma. Dr. Sachdev lists the following risks:
1. Age: The risk increases with age, especially after 60.
2. Family history: Genetic predisposition plays a role.
3. Race: People of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent are at higher risk.
4. Eye Conditions: Nearsightedness, farsightedness, or eye injuries.
5. Medical Conditions: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Common symptoms of glaucoma
Early detection of glaucoma is challenging, as symptoms often appear late. However, some of the symptoms indicated by Dr. Sachdev may include:
– Gradual loss of peripheral vision.
Advanced stage tunnel vision.
– Acute eye pain, headache, nausea (in angle-closure glaucoma).
Glaucoma: Treatment Options
Dr. Sachdev lists the following treatment options:
1. Medicines: Eye drops or oral medications to lower intraocular pressure.
2. Laser therapy: Procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty can help improve drainage.
3. Surgery: In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to increase fluid drainage.
4. Regular eye exam: Regular eye exams are important for early detection of glaucoma, especially for those at high risk.
“Glaucoma is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight” because of its insidious progression. Regular eye exams, especially for those with risk factors, are best. Awareness of the different types, risk factors, symptoms and available treatments. People can take proactive steps to preserve their vision. can give the ability to take,” said Dr. Sachdev.
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